Jörg Rhiemeier's Conlang Page

What is a conlang?

Conlang is an abbreviation for constructed language. Another frequently used word is artificial language. A conlang is thus a language for human (or other sapient) beings that was designed by a single individual or a work group, rather than being the product of centuries of cultural evolution as "natural" languages (natlangs) are. Programming languages and similar systems, though undoubtedly constructed, are usually not considered conlangs, because they aren't languages in a stricter sense of the word.

You probably already heard of Esperanto, or of Quenya. These two languages are the most famous representatives of the two main branches of conlanging. Esperanto is an international auxiliary language, or IAL or auxlang in short; it is meant as a tool for international communication. Quenya is an artistic language, or artlang in short; it is a piece of art. While you can learn and use it, it is not meant as a tool for international communication, but exists for the sake of itself. In the case of Quenya, it is the national language of a fictional nation (the High Elves of Middle-earth); this is often the case with artlangs, hence such languages are sometimes referred to as fictional languages.

The line between auxlangs and artlangs is not always as clear as one may think. There are languages that lie somewhere in between. And there is indeed a third pole on the continuum. These are the engineered languages or engelangs: languages designed to meet objectively testable criteria (while the design criteria of artlangs are more subjective notions).

Auxlangers and artlangers tend to dislike each other. Artlangers are for the most part put off by the proselytizing characteristic of the auxlang movement and the constant debate which of the various proposals is best. Auxlangers, on the other hand, consider artlanging a geekish waste of useful resources - they say that instead of desiging languages nobody would ever speak, the artlangers should help promoting an international auxiliary language.

My own interest lies primarily in artlangs, especially naturalistic ones (i.e., ones that resemble natural languages in their richness and complexity). In my opinion, the race between the auxlangs is already as good as decided - and English is the winner.

Essays and resources

The art of conlanging

A brief history of conlanging.
What's wrong with euroclones? Why it isn't always bad to follow European linguistic patterns.
International auxiliary languages. A peep across the fence.
But isn't it all meaningless? A comment on Wittgenstein's "private language" argument.

Natlangs

The Caucasian languages. There are quite a few interesting languages over there.
The Celtic languages. Another bunch of interesting languages.
Standard Average European. Often considered uninteresting, but what makes a language SAE?

Miscellaneous

Some of my posts to the CONLANG Mailing List. Various ideas and comments on conlangs and conlanging.
League of Lost Languages - a collaborative project about fictional languages "in the real world" I have founded, and where most of my conlangs are at home.

My conlangs

Lostlangs

Hesperic languages

Old Albic, the language of the fictional ancient British Elves. Grammar sketch on FrathWiki.
Attidian, a Hesperic language of ancient Italy - a relative of Old Albic.

Indo-European languages

Roman Germanech, a Romance language of Germany. Unfinished grammar sketch on FrathWiki.

Diverse artlangs

Çetázó, a langauge in the world of Akana.
Trinesian, another Akana language.
Shallow Fith, a human-usable subset of Jeffrey Henning's Fith.
See also the list of my conlangs at FrathWiki.

Links

Note: I am not responsible for the contents of the sites listed here.

General resources

The Language Construction Kit by Mark Rosenfelder.
How to create a language by Pablo Flores.
The Conlanger's Library - a vast collection of useful resources.
Introduction to romlangs. Read this if you want to make a Romance conlang.
David Peterson's Web Thing with useful resources and some conlangs.
Jan van Steenbergen's home page with some useful stuff.
The Last Honely Home of Benct Philip Jonsson.
A Primer in SF Xenolinguistics - discusses clichés to avoid and other matters concerning alien languages.
The Correspondence Library at KneeQuickie lists sound changes for several languages to use as models for your own sound changes.
Omniglot, a collection of the world's writing systems, with a page listing scripts for conlangs.
Rick Harrison's Artificial Languages Lab with a focus on engelanging.
Essays on Language Design by Rick Morneau. Useful mainly for auxlangers and engelangers, not so much for artlangers.
Constructed Language stuff by Jim Henry.
List of self-segregating morphology methods. If you want your engelang morphemes to be self-segregating.
Wikipedia Constructed Languages Portal (Please don't peddle your conlang on the Wikipedia. It is a general encyclopedia that can't cover everything down to the most minute detail. Most readers won't be interested in your conlang. Use one of the conlang-oriented wikis instead.)

Linguistics

Ethnologue. A catalog of all known living languages (or so it says).
The World Atlas of Language Structures. An awesome collection of maps displaying typological information on hundreds of languages worldwide.
Leipzig Glossing Rules for interlinear glosses.
The Universals Archive contains more than 2,000 statements believed to be true about most, if not all, languages of the world.
Wikipedia Language Portal. Lots of useful articles on languages and linguistics - only a few mouseclicks away.
Nostratica - Resources on Distant Language Relationship.
Speculative Grammarian - journal of satirical linguistics. Have fun!

Community

Language Creation Society
CONLANG Mailing List. Can get rather technical sometimes, but worth subscribing. FAQ.
FrathWiki. A wiki for your conlangs and concultures.
KneeQuickie. The wiki of the ZBB community.
Conlang Wikia. Yet another wiki for your conlangs.
AUXLANG Mailing List. For discussing IALs. Was founded to get auxlang advocacy out of the CONLANG list. Don't forget to wear your asbestos longjohns.

Selected conlangs

Artlangs

Alurhsa, a very complete conlang with more than 7,000 words, by Anthony Harris.
Ardalambion. Virtually everything we know about Tolkien's languages is summed up on this site, by Helge K. Fauskanger. If you don't find the answer to your question about Quenya, Sindarin, Khuzdul & co. here, the scholars are probably still trying to find out.
Ayeri. A beautiful, Austronesian-inspired language by Carsten Becker.
Brithenig. The famous Celtic-influenced Romance conlang by Andrew Smith.
Dritok [PDF], an interesting non-human language using both sound and gesture, by Donald Boozer.
To Áneu Klísi Ellēnikó by Raymond A. Brown is Greek stripped of its inflections, inspired by G. Peano's Latino sine flexione.
Feorran by Brad Coon, a language of fictional indigenous people of Antarctica.
Fith by Jeffrey Henning. Its syntax is based on a LIFO stack.
Henrik Theiling's conlangs.
Classical Kasshian by Nik Taylor has seven genders and 19 cases.
Kēlen, by Sylvia Sotomayor, is one of the most beautiful conlangs I have ever seen. It also features an interesting grammar without verbs as we know them.
The Klingon Language Institute. Klingon is probably the most widely-spoken conlang except Esperanto - like it or not.
Na'vi, the language from the Avatar blockbuster flick, made by Paul Frommer.
Novegradian is a very, very well-designed fictional Slavic language. Rock'n'roll!
Phaleran by Thomas R. Wier is an amazingly complex and detailed language that makes Old Albic look like a beginner's attempt. Grammar in PDF format.
Rikchik by Denis M. Moskowitz is an alien sign language with an interesting syntax, using tentacles.
Silindion, a gorgeous "Elvish" conlang by Elliott Lash. Now also on FrathWiki.
Teonaht is a classic of the artlang genre, by Sally Caves.
Tokana by Matthew Pearson, a very lovingly elaborated artlang. (The grammar the link leads to is not the latest version, I think, but I haven't found a more recent one.)
Tsolyani, the classical conlang by M. A. R. Barker, from one of the most colourful fantasy worlds ever invented.
Virtual Verduria. Conworld by Mark Rosenfelder, with many lovingly crafted conlangs.
Yivrian by Jesse Bangs. He has written a creation myth in his language!

Engelangs

The Briefscript Project by Raymond A. Brown, an attempt at a language with shorter words. Interestingly, he doesn't use a huge phoneme inventory like most designers of maximally concise languages - to the contrary: he uses such a small phoneme inventory that he can use the Latin alphabet as a syllabary.
The Gripping Language by Alex Fink and Sai, which allows two people to converse while appearing just to be holding hands.
Ithkuil by John Quijada, designed for high efficiency, with highly complex phonology and grammar.
Láadan, the feminist language by Suzette Haden Elgin.
Latejami by Rick Morneau is intended as an intermediate language for automatic translation.
Lojban, the most popular logical language, a descendant of Loglan. There is a Wikipedia in Lojban.
Toki Pona, a minimalistic language by Sonja Elen Kisa - the yang to the yin of Ithkuil.

Auxlangs

Ars signorum, one of the first philosophical universal languages, published in 1661 by George Dalgarno.
Ceqli, an interesting auxlang by Rex May, with self-segregating morphology.
Esperanto, invented by L. Zamenhof in 1887. You may like it or not, it is the most popular conlang worldwide, and perhaps the only one with native speakers (in the real world, I mean). See also my criticism of it. There is also a Wikipedia in Esperanto.
Latino sine flexione is, as its name implies, Latin stripped of (most of) its inflections, proposed by Giuseppe Peano in 1903.
Novial, an elegant auxlang by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen (1928). Novial-Informatione by James Chandler. There is also a Wikipedia in Novial.
Volapük, released by J. M. Schleyer in 1879, was the first IAL to find thousands of adherents, before Esperanto eclipsed it.